Abstract—In the dynamic landscape of Industry 4.0, the
Internet of Things (IoT) is a key driver of innovation and
efficiency, with connectivity being its cornerstone.
Traditionally, IoT connectivity has been reliant on L Band
satellite communication, favored for its wide coverage and
reliability. However, the evolving demands of Industry 4.0 –
characterized by high data throughput and low latency – are
prompting a need to explore alternative satellite communication
solutions. This paper reviews KU Band satellite communication
as a viable option for IoT connectivity in the context of Industry
4.0. We start by discussing the essential connectivity
requirements for industrial IoT applications and then provide
an in-depth comparison of KU Band and L Band satellite
communications, focusing on bandwidth, latency, coverage,
power consumption, and cost considerations.A significant part
of this review is dedicated to examining the potential benefits
and challenges of adopting KU Band for IoT. This includes an
analysis of technical aspects such as signal attenuation,
hardware requirements, and the integration of spread spectrum
technology, which is emerging as a critical factor in enhancing
the efficiency and reliability of KU Band communications. We
also explore real-world application scenarios and case studies,
demonstrating how KU Band has been implemented in various
industrial contexts.In the concluding sections, the paper delves
into future trends in satellite communications for IoT, highlights
current research gaps, and proposes directions for future
studies. This review aims to enrich the discourse on optimizing
IoT connectivity solutions within Industry 4.0, offering a
nuanced perspective on the potential of alternative satellite
bands, including the strategic application of technologies like
spread spectrum, in addressing the complex demands of modern
industrial ecosystems.
Keywords— L_band, KU_band, IoT, Satellite
communications, Spread spectrum
Canadian Journal of IoT, and Smart Engineering Technologies
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